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Search results for: SHEAR DEMANDS
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Weak Solutions within the Gradient-Incomplete Strain-Gradient Elasticity
PublicationIn this paper we consider existence and uniqueness of the three-dimensional static boundary-value problems in the framework of so-called gradient-incomplete strain-gradient elasticity. We call the strain-gradient elasticity model gradient-incomplete such model where the considered strain energy density depends on displacements and only on some specific partial derivatives of displacements of first- and second-order. Such models...
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Analysis of the Usefulness of Cheap Audio Recorders for Spectral Measurement of Environmental Noise
PublicationEnvironmental noise pollution is nowadays one of the most serious health threats. The impact of noise on the human body depends not only on the sound level but also on its spectral distribution. Reliable measurements of the environmental noise spectrum are often hampered by the very high price of top quality measuring devices. This paper explores the possibility of using much cheaper audio recorders for the frequency analysis....
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Ranking of ecotoxisity tests for underground water assessment using the Hasse diagram technique
PublicationThe present study deals with the novel application of the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) for the specific ranking of ecotoxicity tests capable of assessment of underground water quality. The area studied is a multi-municipal landfill in the northern Poland. The monitoring network of the landfill constitutes of 27 piezometers for underground water monitoring and two observation points at surface water courses. After sampling, chemical...
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One Year Evaluation of Material Properties Changes of Polylactide Parts in Various Hydrolytic Degradation Conditions
PublicationBiodegradable biocompatible materials are widely used in medical applications. Determining the possibility of using biodegradable materials depends on determining the changes in their parameters over time due to degradation. The current scientific research on biodegradable materials has presented results based on research methods characterized by the different geometry and cross-section size of the specimen, type of degradation...
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Joint foreign ownership and global value chains effects on productivity: a comparison of firms from Poland and Germany
PublicationPurpose The study aims to examine the joint effects of foreign ownership (FO) and involvement in global value chains (GVCs) on the productivity performance of firms from a catching-up country (Poland) and a leader economy (Germany). Design/methodology/approach The authors use micro-level data on firms combined with several sector-level GVC participation measures. The authors investigate whether the link between productivity and...
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NEW EXPERIENCES IN DIKE CONSTRUCTION WITH SOIL-ASH COMPOSITESAND FINE-GRAINED DREDGED MATERIALS
PublicationThe supporting structure inside a coastal dike is often made of dredged non-uniform sand with good compaction proper-ties. Due to the shortage of natural construction material for both coastal and river dikes and the surplus of different processed mate-rials, new experiments were made with sand-ash mixtures and fine-grained dredged materials to replace both dike core and dikecover materials resulting in economical, environmentally...
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A Generalized Framework Towards Structural Mechanics of Three-layered Composite Structures
PublicationThree-layered composite structures find a broad application. Increasingly, composites are being used whose layer thicknesses and material properties diverge strongly. In the perspective of structural mechanics, classical approaches to analysis fail at such extraordinary composites. Therefore, emphasis of the present approach is on arbitrary transverse shear rigidities and structural thicknesses of the individual layers. Therewith...
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Development and evaluation of thermosensitive hydrogels with binary mixture of Scutellariae baicalensis radix extract and chitosan for periodontal diseases treatment.
PublicationScutellaria baicalensis root displays anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties due to the presence of flavonoids, particularly baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin. Our work aimed at developing thermosensitive hydrogels containing a binary mixture of S. baicalensis radix lyophilized extract and chitosan as a novel approach for periodontal diseases treatment....
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Modes of Failure Analysis in Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Laser Scanning and Synchro-Photogrammetry - How to apply optical technologies in the diagnosis of reinforced concrete elements?
PublicationThe following paper reveal the limitations and possibilities of terrestrial laser scanning technology adaptation in diagnostics of reinforced concrete beams. In this paper, authors present potential spectrum of TLS use in modes of failure analysis of R-C beams and determines under which conditions the laser technologies might be applied. Research was carried out at the Regional Laboratory of Structural Engineering at Gdansk University...
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Force transfer and stress distribution in short cantilever deep beams loaded throughout the depth with a various reinforcement
PublicationDeep beams used as the main reinforced concrete structural elements which taking over the load and stiffening construction are often found in high-rise buildings. The architecture of these buildings is sometimes sophisticated and varied, arouse the admiration of the majority of recipients, and thus causing an engineering challenge to correctly design the structural system and force transfer. In such structures is important to shape...
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Ground tire rubber thermo-mechanically devulcanized in the presence of waste engine oil as asphalt modifier
PublicationCross-linked elastomers network is main limitation for industrial usage of ground tire rubber (GTR) as asphalts’ and road pavements modifier. GTR was thermo-mechanically devulcanized via extrusion in the presence of waste engine oil (WEO) at temperature ranges from 150 to 280 °C. Combined impact of WEO content and extruder barrel temperature on the change of cross-linked structure of degraded GTR (DTGR) was investigated through...
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Effects of interfacial sliding on anti-plane waves in an elastic plate imperfectly attached to an elastic half-space
PublicationWe study the anti-plane shear waves in a domain consisting of an elastic layer (plate) with a coating attached to an elastic half-space (substrate). We assume an imperfect contact between the layer and the half-space, allowing some sliding. We also assume some elastic bonds between the layer and the substrate. On the free top surface we apply the compatibility conditions within the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity. We found two...
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Fruit seeds oils as a cosmetic emulsions component
PublicationThe fruit seeds are known to have a considerable amount of oil and their potential specialty as nutraceutical oil was suggested based on high level of unsaturated triacyglycerols (major fatty acids are linoleic, linolenic, oleic) and a high content of tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols). In this study the possibility of application fruit seeds oils in W/O and O/W emulsion systems was investigated to find the influence of the...
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Modes of Failure Analysis in Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Laser Scanning and Synchro-Photogrammetry
PublicationThe following paper reveal the limitations and possibilities of terrestrial laser scanning technology adaptation in diagnostics of reinforced concrete beams. In this paper, authors present potential spectrum of TLS use in modes of failure analysis of R-C beams and determines under which conditions the laser technologies might be applied. Research was carried out at the Regional Laboratory of Structural Engineering at Gdansk University...
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Management of ground tire rubber waste by incorporation into polyurethane-based composite foams
PublicationRapid economic growth implicated the developing multiple industry sectors, including the automotive branch, increasing waste generation since recycling and utilization methods have not been established simultaneously. A very severe threat is the generation of enormous amounts of post-consumer tires considered burdensome waste, e.g., due to the substantial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Therefore, it is essential...
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Development and validation of lumbar spine finite element model
PublicationThe functional biomechanics of the lumbar spine have been better understood by finite element method (FEM) simulations. However, there are still areas where the behavior of soft tissues can be better modeled or described in a different way. The purpose of this research is to develop and validate a lumbar spine section intended for biomechanical research. A FE model of the 50th percentile adult male (AM) Total Human Model for Safety...
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Stabilizing lactate production through repeated batch fermentation of food waste and waste activated sludge
PublicationBio-valorization of organic waste streams, such as food waste and waste activated sludge, to lactic acid (LA) has recently drawn much attention. It offers an opportunity for resource recovery, alleviates environmental issues and potentially turns a profit. In this study, both stable and high LA yield (0.72 ± 0.15 g/g total chemical oxygen demand) and productivity rate (0.53 g/L•h) were obtained through repeated batch fermentation....
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The effect of convective heating and microwave heating on antioxidant enzymes in pooled mature human milk
PublicationThe effects of convective and microwave heating at constant temperature (62.5, 66 and 70 °C) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx) in pooled mature human milk were compared. Activities of the enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric kits. Activity of GPx decreased significantly in the first stage of heating when milk samples were warmed to pasteurisation...
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Respiratory system modelling and simulation basing on the forced oscilation technique
PublicationConventional methods of testing lung functioning demand a specific respiratory action of the patient. In contrast, the forced oscillation technique (fot) provides measurements obtained with a minimal cooperation of the subject. The aim of this study is to verify the usefulness of the forced oscillation technique modelling in respiratory system diagnosing. in order to do it two models of fot measurements have been considered: the...
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Evolutionary Algorithms in MPLS network designing
PublicationMPLS technology become more and more popular especially in core networks giving great flexibility and compatibility with existing Internet protocols. There is a need to optimal design such networks and optimal bandwidth allocation. Linear Programming is not time efficient and does not solve nonlinear problems. Heuristic algorithms are believed to deal with these disadvantages and the most promising of them are Evolutionary Algorithms....
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Mechatronic design o strongly nonlinear systems on a basis of three wheeled mobile platform
PublicationRemarkable grow in demand both of mobile platform operability performance and reduction of project leading time development encourage to apply modern algorithms and reliable engineering tools for the design process. The paper discusses the mechatronic design applied for the surveillance system based on the energy performance index algorithm. The exploited mechatronic techniques i.e. virtual prototyping, Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation...
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Fracture susceptibility of high RAP content asphalt concrete in terms of aging
PublicationDue to the reduction of CO2 emissions during the production of asphalt mixtures and the decrease in the demand for mineral resources, the addition of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is becoming indispensable. The durability of asphalt pavements containing a high RAP content may be reduced due to a decrease in the cracking resistance of the material, especially under the influence of operational aging. The article presents the...
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Methods of liquid biofuels production - the bioethanol example.
PublicationEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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METHODS OF LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION – THE BIOETHANOL EXAMPLE
PublicationEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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Elderly persons professional activity - substantive issues and methodical challenges
PublicationPopulation ageing and mass withdrawal of persons around retirement age from the labour market constitutes a serious threat for European Union economy, especially in the so-called new member states. The coming years are expected to bring a considerable increase in public spending on pensions and health care, as well as changes in the structure and size of consumer demand and an increase in the number of socially excluded individuals....
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Design thinking qualifications framework – standardizing the innovative approach to entrepreneurial education delivery to engineering students
PublicationHighly competitive labor market stimulates increasing expectations towards fresh university alumni. It is not enough to be an expert - well educated and often experienced - in chosen discipline. High variability of the business environment, continuous change, number of risks, together with higher work demand than supply, shape clear employers’ expectations: entrepreneurial employees are wanted. On this ground a need for entrepreneurial...
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Energy savings by application of supercapacitor storage in trolleybus supplying station - analysis of experimental results
PublicationStorage devices can be divided into two groups: on-board energy storage devices, which are placed in the vehicles and off-board energy storage devices situated in traction substations or between them. Current research is focused mainly on two objectives. The first is to reduce the energy demand by introducing on-board energy storages in light electric vehicles like trams, trolleybuses or electrobuses. The latter is to provide a...
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Preferences and Transport Behavior of Gdansk Residents in the Light of the Result of Complex Traffic Survey
PublicationPreferences and transport behavior of the population are a fundamental aspect of research in public transport. Identifying the basic postulates of transport, the factors determining the specific behavior of transport and modal split allow to analyze the differences between the groups singled passengers and to prepare better offer of an urban transport. In Poland, still in many cities urban transport research is conducted ad hoc,...
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A nontargeted approach to determine the authenticity of Ginkgo biloba L. plant materials and dried leaf extracts by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemometrics
PublicationThe lack of stringent regulations regarding raw materials for herbal supplements used for medicinal purposes has been a constant challenge in the industry. Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts attract consumers because of the supposed positive effect on mental performance and memory. Supplements are produced using dried leaf materials and standardized leaf extracts such as EGb 761. Adulteration of Ginkgo biloba L. plants and extracts...
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Influence of Two-Stage Anodization on Properties of the Oxide Coatings on the Ti–13Nb–13Zr Alloy
PublicationThe increasing demand for titanium and its alloys used for implants results in need of such innovative surface treatment that may jointly increase corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and demonstrate antibacterial protection at no cytotoxicity. The purpose of this research was to characterize the effect of two-stage anodization, performed for 30 min in phosphoric acid, at the presence of hydrofluoric acid in the second stage....
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Polysaccharides in fabrication of membranes: A review
PublicationSustainability concerns have motivated and directed a great deal of interest over the past decade towards the development of green technologies. Polysaccharides are green polymers, which experienced growing demand to substitute chemically synthetic polymers. Different types of polysaccharides i.e. cellulose-, starch-, chitin- alginate-, and chitosan-based carbohydrate polymers have been applied in the fabrication of separation...
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Evaluation and start-up of an electro-Fenton-sequencing batch reactor for dairy wastewater treatment
PublicationThis study examined the performance of an integrated wastewater (WW) treatment system, namely an electro-Fenton (EF)-sequencing batch reactor (SBR), for dairy industry WW. The EF process was used as the first stage of the SBR. It degrades bio-refractory compounds via advanced oxidation processes, thereby resulting in the formation of simple biodegradable intermediates. Several factors, including the hydraulic retention time (HRT),...
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Diamond protection for reusable ZnO coated fiber-optic measurement head in optoelectrochemical investigation of bisphenol A
PublicationDue to the global problem with plastic contaminating the environment, with bisphenol A (BPA) being one of the highest demand, effective monitoring and purification of the pollutants are required. The electrochemical methods constitute a good solution but, due to polymerization of electrochemical oxidation bisphenol A products and their adsorption to the surfaces, measurement head elements are clogged by the formed film. In this...
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Application of a stochastic compartmental model to approach the spread of environmental events with climatic bias
PublicationWildfires have significant impacts on both environment and economy, so understanding their behaviour is crucial for the planning and allocation of firefighting resources. Since forest fire management is of great concern, there has been an increasing demand for computationally efficient and accurate prediction models. In order to address this challenge, this work proposes applying a parameterised stochastic model to study the propagation...
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Ecology In Tribology: Selected Problems of Eliminating Natural Oil-Based Lubricants from Machine Friction Couples
PublicationThe elimination of mineral oil-based lubricants from machines has multiple beneficial effects on the natural environment. Firstly – these lubricants are a direct threat to the environment in the event of leaks; secondly – their elimination reduces the demand for crude oil from which they are obtained. In addition, in many cases, e.g. when replacing traditional lubricants with water, friction losses in the bearings can also be reduced...
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Adaptive stochastic and hybrid nonlinear optimization algorithms for improving the effectiveness of the biological processes at WWTP
PublicationWastewater treatment plays an important factor in the modern world. Insufficient treatment may result in environmental pollution which can further lead to disasters and diseases. However, processes that take place inside wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are highly complex in nature, therefore it is difficult to design an efficient, optimal control system. The problem regarding biochemical reactions inside Sequential Batch Reactor...
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Biomedical engineering of polysaccharide-based tissue adhesives: Recent advances and future direction
PublicationTissue adhesives have been widely used for preventing wound leaks, sever bleeding, as well as for enhancing drug delivery and biosensing. However, only a few among suggested platforms cover the circumstances required for high-adhesion strength and biocompatibility, without toxicity. Antibacterial properties, controllable degradation, encapsulation capacity, detectability by image-guided procedures and affordable price are also...
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Unidirectional DC/DC Converter with Voltage Inverter for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries
PublicationThe paper proposes the adaptation of the industrial plant’s power network to supply electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging converters (above 300 kW) using renewable energy sources (RESs). A 600 V DC microgrid was used to supply energy from RESs for the needs of variable speed motor drives and charging of EV batteries. It has been shown that it is possible to support the supply of drive voltage frequency converters (VFCs) and charging...
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PUBLICZNE ŚRODKI TRANSPORTOWE A SAMOCHÓD ELEKTRYCZNY W OBSŁUDZE PODRÓŻY MIEJSKICH W METROPOLII TRÓJMIEJSKIEJ
PublicationMetropolia trójmiejska ma wyjątkowo negatywne uwarunkowania terenowe dla funkcjonowania i rozwoju sieci komunikacji publicWyznej. Dzielnice położone w tzw. dolnym tarasie są dobrze skomunikowane za pomocą linii SKM i tramwajowych. Jedynie te środki komunikacji szynowej, przy częstotliwości połączeń nie większej niż co 10 minut, są konkurencyjne dla indywidualnych dojazdów samochodami osobowymi. Natomiast autobusy i trolejbusy utykające...
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A two dimensional approach for modelling of pennate muscle behaviour
PublicationThe purpose of this study was to elaborate a two-dimensional approach for unipennate and bipennate striated skeletal muscle modelling. Behavior of chosen flat pennate muscle is modelled as a rheological system composed of serially linked passive and active fragments having different mechanical properties. Each fragment is composed of three elements: mass element, elastic element and viscous element. Each active fragment furthermore...
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Operation of reed systems used to stabilization of sewage sludge
PublicationThe aim of this research was to determine the parameters of property operation of reed systems. It was also checked the possibility to use sludge in agriculture for the sake of heavy metal concentrations.The research was conducted in four Danish objects utilized sludge located in Helsinge, Vallo, Rudkobing and Nakskov near Copenhagen.It was found that correct operation of reed basins requires the determination of optimal doses...
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Outlet Flow Velocity In Circular Culvert
PublicationThe outlet flow velocity in the end section of the culvert barrel depends in most cases on the culvert geometry, including the barrel slope, as well as on upstream and downstream channel parameters. Flowing water can create pressure flow or free surface flow in the culvert barrel. In the case of an unsubmerged barrel outlet, the free-surface flow is more frequent than the full flow. Increased velocities can cause channel bed scour...
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On Anti-Plane Surface Waves Considering Highly Anisotropic Surface Elasticity Constitutive Relations
PublicationWithin the framework of highly anisotropic surface elasticity model we discuss the propagation of new type of surface waves that are anti-plane surface waves. By the highly anisotropic surface elasticity model we mean the model with a surface strain energy density which depends on incomplete set of second derivatives of displacements. From the physical point of view this model corresponds to a coating made of a family of parallel...
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Supercapacitors - charge redistribution and restoring voltage
PublicationThe charge in supercapacitor is stored on electrodes and in electrolyte. The charges on electrodes create the Helmholtz double layer which is formed immediately with time constant of the order of seconds, while the charge storage in electrolyte is going on with time constant of the order of hundreds seconds. When the charged supercapacitor is shorted for few seconds, the charge from electrodes is discharged while the charge in...
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INFLUENCE OF SURFACE CURVATURE ON SESSILE DROPLET CONTACT ANGLE OF NANOFLUIDS
PublicationThis paper deals with change in contact angle of droplets of three nanofluids, i.e. water-Al2O3, water-TiO2 and water-Cu. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight. Although dispersants were not used to stabilize the suspension, the solutions tested exhibited satisfactory stability. Ultrasonic vibration was used in order to stabilise the dispersion of the nanoparticles. Experimental measurements...
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INVESTIGATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENT STRATIFICATION
PublicationThe main goal of this paper is to find a method to assess remotely the type of sediments on the basis of the signal received using the parametric echosounder. The images of the sea bottom sediments taken by a parametric echosounder show the fine structure of the upper layer of the bottom sediments. The depth of penetration depends on the type of sediment, in fact on the attenuation of acoustic wave. In the paper the method of distinguishing...
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The effect of current delay angle on tripping of residual current devices
PublicationPower electronics converters applied in domestic or similar installations may utilize current delay (phase) angle control to change the level of transferred power. Due to application of such types of converters, earth fault current in the installation may be strongly distorted. The current distortion level depends on a value of current delay angle. This delay angle also influences the tripping threshold of residual current devices....
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MRAS-Based Switching Linear Feedback Strategy for Sensorless Speed Control of Induction Motor Drives
PublicationThis paper presents a newly designed switching linear feedback structure of sliding mode control (SLF-SMC) plugged with an model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based sensorless fieldoriented control (SFOC) for induction motor (IM). Indeed, the performance of the MRAS depends mainly on the operating point and the parametric variation of the IM. Hence, the sliding mode control (SMC) could be considered a good control alternative...
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Selected Aspects of Pavement Texture Influence on Tire Rolling Resistance
PublicationTire rolling resistance has a significant influence on fuel consumption in cars and trucks and on CO2 emissions. Rolling resistance depends on the tire construction, pavement texture and stiffness, as well as environmental and traffic conditions. This article presents a pilot study on the impact of pavement texture on the rolling resistance of passenger car tires. Reasons why Mean Profile Depth is not a good descriptor of pavement...
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The Role of Proteins in Food
PublicationThis chapter describes the effect of proteins on the sensory attributes and the biological value and safety of foods. The role of proteins depends on their amino acid composition and structure, on changes due to storage and processing, as well as on interactions with other food components. The effect on the sensory quality of foods is brought about by hydrophobicity, solubility, water holding capacity, gelling, film formation,...